C28000 Muntz Metal 60/40
Primary Designation:UNS C28000
Aliases:
Muntz Metal60-40 BrassC28000
Mat Grades internal verification confirms source-backed fidelity and data integrity. It does not constitute external certification, ASTM/CDA endorsement, or guaranteed material conformity for procurement.
Data Completeness & Record Integrity:4 composition elements and 66 contextual property values cataloged.
Omitted fields represent unverified parameters. "Missing is better than invented."
Key Engineering Properties
Representative source rows, qualified by their reported conditions. Inspect the tables below for all values, limits, and source notes.
Density
8.387 g/cm³TYPICAL · at 20 °C
Electrical Conductivity
28 % IACSTYPICAL · at 20 °C
Thermal Conductivity
122.88 W/(m·K)TYPICAL · at 20 °C
Specific Heat Capacity
376.8 J/(kg·K)TYPICAL · at 20 °C
Melting Range (Solidus / Liquidus)
898.9 – 904.4 °C1650.0 – 1660.0 °F
Solidus: 898.9°C | Liquidus: 904.4°CComposition Excerpt
Cu 59–63 wt%Copper (range)
Standard Elemental Basis: RANGEEngineering Summary
UNS C28000 Muntz Metal (59.0-63.0% Cu, Zn Remainder) is a two-phase duplex alpha-beta brass renowned for outstanding hot plasticity and hot-forging workability. Primarily specified for condenser tube sheets, valve stems, architectural trim, and hot-stamped fittings.
Documented Product Applications (Cited CDA Reference Profile)
- ›Architectural Panels: Forming Characteristics
- ›Architecture: Architectural Panels
- ›Bolts: Forming Characteristics
- ›Bolts: Machining Characteristics
- ›Bolts: Mechanical Properties
- ›Builders Hardware: Decorative Hardware
- ›Condenser Plates: Corrosion Resistance
- ›Condenser Plates: Forming Characteristics
- ›Condenser Plates: Mechanical Properties
- ›Condenser Tube: Conductivity (Thermal)
- ›Condenser Tube: Corrosion Resistance
- ›Decoration: Appearance
Recognized Aliases
Source-backed commercial trade name and short designations cataloged in canonical data.
Muntz Metal60-40 BrassC28000
Standard Designations & Applicable Specifications
Semantically classified designations distinguishing primary standard identifiers, commercial trade names, and applicable specification references.
Direct Standard DesignationsDIRECT DESIGNATION
2 Primary Identifiers| System | Identifier | Standard System Name | Classification Notes & Provenance |
|---|---|---|---|
| UNSPRIMARY | C28000 | Unified Numbering System | Unified Numbering System standard designation for copper alloys (CDA / SAE / ASTM)Ref: CDA UNS Standard Designations Register (C28000) |
| CDA | Alloy 280 | Copper Development Association Alloy Number | CDA three-digit legacy designationRef: CDA UNS Standard Designations Register (C28000) |
Recognized Commercial Aliases & Trade NamesCOMMON ALIAS
4 Listed| Recognized Name / Alias | Classification | Technical Usage & Context |
|---|---|---|
| Muntz Metal 60/40 | Standard Commercial Name | CDA Standard Commercial Name |
| Muntz Metal | Commercial Alias | Colloquial or commercial industry synonym |
| 60-40 Brass | Commercial Alias | Colloquial or commercial industry synonym |
| C28000 | Commercial Alias | Colloquial or commercial industry synonym |
Applicable Specifications & Product Form ReferencesSPECIFICATION REFERENCE
7 Applicable Standards| Standards Body | Specification Code | Specification Title / Scope | Relationship Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM | ASTM B36/B36M | BRASS PLATE, SHEET, STRIP AND ROLLED BAR | Specification Reference |
| ASME | ASME SB111 | COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY SEAMLESS CONDENSER TUBES & FERRULE STOCK | Specification Reference |
| ASTM | ASTM B111/B111M | COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY SEAMLESS CONDENSER TUBES AND FERRULE STOCK | Specification Reference |
| ASME | ASME SB135 | SEAMLESS BRASS TUBE | Specification Reference |
| ASTM | ASTM B135/B135M | Seamless Brass Tube | Specification Reference |
| ASTM | ASTM B135 | Tube, Seamless | Specification Reference |
| FEDERAL | FEDERAL WW-T-791 | TUBING: BRASS, SEAMLESS | Specification Reference |
Engineering Notice: Applicable specifications establish manufacturing requirements, dimensional tolerances, and test criteria for specific product forms (e.g. bus bar, wire, plate, pipe). They represent applicable technical standards, not alternative or equivalent alloy grades.
Chemical Composition (Weight %)
Elemental limits and values from the cited source. Preserves exact semantic limits (minimums, maximums, and ranges).
| Element | Symbol | Atomic No. | Semantic Basis | Specified Value | Unit | Metallurgical Notes & Qualification | Data Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copper | Cu | 29 | RANGE | 59.00 – 63.00 | wt% | CDA chemical composition specification limits for C28000: 59.0 - 63.0 wt%.Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
| Lead | Pb | 82 | MAXIMUM | ≤ 0.09 | wt% | CDA chemical composition specification limits for C28000: max 0.09 wt%.Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
| Zinc | Zn | 30 | BALANCE | Balance | wt% | Remainder element (Zinc).Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
| Iron | Fe | 26 | MAXIMUM | ≤ 0.07 | wt% | CDA chemical composition specification limits for C28000: max 0.07 wt%.Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
* Elemental percentages are expressed in weight percent (wt%). Values represent applicable specification limits. Unspecified trace elements are not fabricated or assumed.Preserves exact semantic basis
Property Display UnitsSwitch between Canonical SI and Source / US Customary units:
Physical Properties
Source-specific physical properties. Test temperatures are shown only where reported.
| Property Parameter | Canonical SI Value | Semantic Basis | Test Temperature / Context Range | Source Raw Reference | Source Reference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 8.387 g/cm³ | TYPICAL | Test Temp: 20 °CCDA Physical Properties: Density 0.303 lb/cu in. at 68°F (8.387 g/cm³ at 20°C) | 0.303 lb/cu in. at 68°F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
Thermal & Thermodynamic Properties
Phase change temperatures, thermal conductivity, specific heat, mean coefficients of thermal expansion across standardized temperature ranges, and recommended thermal processing windows.
| Property Parameter | Canonical SI Value | Semantic Basis | Test Temperature / Context Range | Source Raw Reference | Source Reference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liquidus Temperature | 904.4 °C | TYPICAL | CDA Physical Properties: Liquidus temperature 1660.0 °F (904.4 °C) | 1660.0 °F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
| Solidus Temperature | 898.9 °C | TYPICAL | CDA Physical Properties: Solidus temperature 1650.0 °F (898.9 °C) | 1650.0 °F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
| Thermal Conductivity | 122.88 W/(m·K) | TYPICAL | Test Temp: 20 °CCDA Physical Properties: Thermal conductivity 71.0 Btu/(ft·hr·°F) (122.88 W/(m·K) at 20°C) | 71.0 Btu/ sq ft/ ft hr/ °F at 68°F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) | 20.88 µm/(m·K) | TYPICAL | CDA Physical Properties: CTE 11.6 µin/(in·°F) (20.88 µm/(m·K)) over range 68-57210°F | 11.6 10^-6 per °F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 376.8 J/(kg·K) | TYPICAL | Test Temp: 20 °CCDA Physical Properties: Specific heat 0.09 Btu/(lb·°F) (376.8 J/(kg·K)) | 0.09 Btu/ lb /°F at 68°F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
| Annealing Temperature Range | 426.7 – 593.3 °C | RANGE | CDA Thermal Treatments: Annealing temperature range 800 - 1100°F (426.7 - 593.3°C) | 800 – 1100 °F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
| Hot Working Temperature Range | 621.1 – 787.8 °C | RANGE | CDA Thermal Treatments: Hot working range 1150 - 1450°F (621.1 - 787.8°C) | 1150 – 1450 °F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
Electrical Properties
Electrical conductivity and resistivity in their reported units and conditions.
| Property Parameter | Canonical SI Value | Semantic Basis | Test Temperature / Context Range | Source Raw Reference | Source Reference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electrical Conductivity | 28 % IACS | TYPICAL | Test Temp: 20 °CCDA Physical Properties: Volume conductivity 28.0 % IACS at 68°F (20°C) | 28.0 % IACS at 68°F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
Contextual Mechanical Properties & Tempers
Engineering strength, ductility, and hardness values grouped by product form, temper, and section thickness. Mechanical properties are contextual and not isotropic averages.
Elastic & Baseline Mechanical ConstantsSource-specific measurement conditions
Modulus of Elasticity (Tension)
103.4 GPa
CDA Physical Properties: Elastic modulus in tension 15000.0 ksi (103.4 GPa)Modulus of Rigidity
38610.6 MPa
CDA Physical Properties: Shear modulus 5600.0 ksi (38610.6 MPa)Machinability Rating
40 %
CDA Fabrication Properties: Rating relative to Free-Cutting Brass (C36000 = 100%).Forgeability Rating
90 —
CDA Fabrication Properties: Relative forgeability rating.Showing 20 of 20 conditions
| Product Form | Temper / Condition | Section Size | Tensile (UTS) | Yield Strength | Elongation | Shear Strength | Fatigue Strength | Hardness (Scales Preserved) | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flat Products | 1/2 Hard (H02) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 482.6 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 344.7 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 in; Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 10 % (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — | 0.04 | 482.6 MPa | 344.7 MPa | 10 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| Flat Products | 1/2 Hard (H02)Source values and qualifiersRockwell B Hardness: 75 HRB (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — Rockwell 30T Hardness: 67 HR30T (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — Shear Strength: 303.4 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — | 0.04 | — | — | — | 303.4 MPa | — | 75 HRB67 HR30T | VERIFIED |
| Flat Products | 1/8 Hard (H00) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 413.7 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 241.3 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 in; Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 30 % (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — | 0.04 | 413.7 MPa | 241.3 MPa | 30 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| Flat Products | 1/8 Hard (H00)Source values and qualifiersRockwell B Hardness: 55 HRB (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — Rockwell 30T Hardness: 54 HR30T (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — Shear Strength: 289.6 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — | 0.04 | — | — | — | 289.6 MPa | — | 55 HRB54 HR30T | VERIFIED |
| Flat Products | As Hot Rolled (M20) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 372.3 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 144.8 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 in; Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 45 % (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — | 0.04 | 372.3 MPa | 144.8 MPa | 45 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| Flat Products | As Hot Rolled (M20)Source values and qualifiersRockwell F Hardness: 85 HRF (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — Rockwell 30T Hardness: 49 HR30T (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — Shear Strength: 275.8 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — | 0.04 | — | — | — | 275.8 MPa | — | 85 HRF49 HR30T | VERIFIED |
| Flat Products | Soft Anneal (O60) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 372.3 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 144.8 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 in; Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 45 % (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — | 0.04 | 372.3 MPa | 144.8 MPa | 45 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| Flat Products | Soft Anneal (O60)Source values and qualifiersRockwell F Hardness: 80 HRF (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — Rockwell 30T Hardness: 46 HR30T (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — Shear Strength: 275.8 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — | 0.04 | — | — | — | 275.8 MPa | — | 80 HRF46 HR30T | VERIFIED |
| Flat Products & Rod | Annealed (O61) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 372.3 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 144.8 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 in; Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 45 % (TYPICAL)Section Size: 0.04; Section Size: 0.04 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — | 0.04 | 372.3 MPa | 144.8 MPa | 45 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| Flat Products & Rod | Annealed (O61) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 372.3 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 1; Section Size: 1 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 144.8 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 1; Section Size: 1 in; Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 50 % (TYPICAL)Section Size: 1; Section Size: 1 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — | 1 | 372.3 MPa | 144.8 MPa | 50 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| Rod | 1/4 Hard (H01) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 496.4 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 1; Section Size: 1 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 344.7 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 1; Section Size: 1 in; Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 25 % (TYPICAL)Section Size: 1; Section Size: 1 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — | 1 | 496.4 MPa | 344.7 MPa | 25 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| Rod | 1/4 Hard (H01)Source values and qualifiersRockwell B Hardness: 78 HRB (TYPICAL)Section Size: 1; Section Size: 1 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 78 HRB | VERIFIED |
| Rod | As Hot Extruded (M30) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 358.5 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 1; Section Size: 1 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 137.9 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 1; Section Size: 1 in; Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 52 % (TYPICAL)Section Size: 1; Section Size: 1 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — | 1 | 358.5 MPa | 137.9 MPa | 52 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| Rod | As Hot Extruded (M30)Source values and qualifiersRockwell F Hardness: 78 HRF (TYPICAL)Section Size: 1; Section Size: 1 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — Shear Strength: 268.9 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 1; Section Size: 1 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — | 1 | — | — | — | 268.9 MPa | — | 78 HRF | VERIFIED |
| Rod | Soft Anneal (O60) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 372.3 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 1; Section Size: 1 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 144.8 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 1; Section Size: 1 in; Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 50 % (TYPICAL)Section Size: 1; Section Size: 1 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — | 1 | 372.3 MPa | 144.8 MPa | 50 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| Rod | Soft Anneal (O60)Source values and qualifiersRockwell F Hardness: 80 HRF (TYPICAL)Section Size: 1; Section Size: 1 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — Shear Strength: 275.8 MPa (TYPICAL)Section Size: 1; Section Size: 1 inCopper Development Association (CDA) — | 1 | — | — | — | 275.8 MPa | — | 80 HRF | VERIFIED |
| Tube | Hard (H04) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 510.2 MPa (TYPICAL)Cold Work: 30%Copper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 379.2 MPa (TYPICAL)Cold Work: 30%; Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 10 % (TYPICAL)Cold Work: 30%Copper Development Association (CDA) — | — | 510.2 MPa | 379.2 MPa | 10 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| Tube | Hard (H04)Source values and qualifiersRockwell B Hardness: 80 HRB (TYPICAL)Cold Work: 30%Copper Development Association (CDA) — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 80 HRB | VERIFIED |
| Tube | Light Anneal (O50) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 386.1 MPa (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 158.6 MPa (TYPICAL)Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 50 % (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — | — | 386.1 MPa | 158.6 MPa | 50 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| Tube | Light Anneal (O50)Source values and qualifiersRockwell F Hardness: 82 HRF (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Rockwell 30T Hardness: 47 HR30T (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 82 HRF47 HR30T | VERIFIED |
Hardness Integrity Notice: Rockwell B (HRB), Rockwell F (HRF), and Superficial 30T (HR30T) scales are reported on their measured scales without cross-scale mathematical conversion.
Source: See fact-level citations
Processing & Fabrication Characteristics
Machining, joining, forming, and thermal processing ratings cataloged from the cited authoritative technical reference.
Machinability
Machinability rating: 40% relative to free-cutting brass (C36000 = 100%). Forgeability rating: 90.
Weldability & Joining
Soldering: Excellent; Brazing: Excellent; Oxyacetylene Welding: Good; Gas Shielded Arc Welding: Fair; Coated Metal Arc Welding: Not Recommended; Spot Weld: Good; Seam Weld: Not Recommended; Butt Weld: Good
Heat Treatment & Working Ranges
Annealing temperature range: 426.7°C to 593.3°C (800°F - 1100°F). Hot working temperature range: 621.1°C to 787.8°C (1150°F - 1450°F).
Forming & Cold Working
Capacity for Being Cold Worked: Fair. Capacity for Being Hot Formed: Excellent.
Comparable Grades & Cross-References
Carefully classified cross-reference relationships for C28000 Muntz Metal 60/40. Comparable does not mean equivalent.
| Related Material | Family | Relationship Classification | Metallurgical Notes & Differences | Status | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C26800 Yellow Brass 66% | Copper Alloys | Commonly Compared | C28000 Muntz Metal 60/40 is a two-phase duplex brass engineered for hot forging and hot rolling, whereas C26800 is a single-phase alpha brass engineered for cold stamping.Materials serve different design priorities (e.g. higher strength vs superior corrosion resistance or cost). | VERIFIED | Side-by-Side Compare → |
| C26000 Cartridge Brass 70/30 | Copper Alloys | Commonly Compared | C28000 provides high hot-forging plasticity and higher hardness for architectural plates and tube sheets, whereas C26000 provides maximum cold drawing capability.Materials serve different design priorities (e.g. higher strength vs superior corrosion resistance or cost). | VERIFIED | Side-by-Side Compare → |
| C46400 Naval Brass | Copper Alloys | Nearest Alternative | C28000 is binary 60Cu-40Zn brass; C46400 Naval Brass adds 0.5-1.0% tin to the 60/40 composition to inhibit dezincification in seawater.Design parameters (weldability, hardenability, fatigue limit) must be re-evaluated for the specific application. | VERIFIED | Side-by-Side Compare → |
Sources & Provenance Trail
Reference publications and standards organization registers cited across this material record.
Copper Development Association Inc.CDA Alloy C28000 Property & Specification Profile
AUTHORITATIVE BODY
Copper Development Association authoritative technical reference profile for C28000 Muntz Metal 60/40.
Issuing Body: Copper Development Association (CDA)View Source Record ↗
Copper Development Association Inc.CDA UNS Standard Designations Register (C28000)
AUTHORITATIVE BODY
Unified Numbering System (UNS) designation registration register confirming active C28000 status.
Issuing Body: Copper Development Association (CDA)View Source Record ↗
Intellectual Property & Provenance Notice: Mat Grades cites technical literature from recognized industry associations and standards organizations. Underlying technical standards and publication data remain the intellectual property of their respective issuing organizations.