Verified Curated Comparison Pairs:Source-Qualified
Material Comparison Engine
Compare verified materials with source-specific conditions, units, and property limits.
Material A (Baseline)
Material B (Comparison)
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Temper & Metallurgical Context Qualification:The selected records contain different or missing source contexts. Values shown in separate rows are not directly matched. Typical and estimated values are not guaranteed minima; matching context alone does not establish interchangeability.
1. Identity, Classification & Standards
| Parameter | 321 Stainless Steel | C14500 Tellurium Copper |
|---|---|---|
| Material Family | Stainless Steel | Copper Alloys |
| Subfamily | Austenitic | Free-Machining Copper |
| TYPE Designation | 321 | — |
| SPECIFICATION Designation | 321 Stainless Steel Engineering Datasheet | ASTM B224 |
| UNS Designation | — | C14500 |
| COMMERCIAL Designation | — | Tellurium Copper |
| CDA Designation | — | Alloy 145 |
2. Chemical Composition Limits (wt %)Source-specific limits and typical values
| Element | 321 Stainless Steel | C14500 Tellurium Copper |
|---|---|---|
| C (Carbon) | ≤ 0.08% | — |
| Mn (Manganese) | ≤ 2% | — |
| Si (Silicon) | ≤ 1% | — |
| P (Phosphorus) | ≤ 0.045% | 0.004 – 0.012% |
| S (Sulfur) | ≤ 0.03% | — |
| Cr (Chromium) | 17 – 19% | — |
| Ni (Nickel) | 9 – 12% | — |
| Ti (Titanium) | ≥ 5 × (C); ≤ 0.6% | — |
| Cu (Copper) | — | ≥ 99.9% |
| Te (Tellurium) | — | 0.4 – 0.7% |
3. Physical Properties
| Property | 321 Stainless Steel | C14500 Tellurium Copper |
|---|---|---|
| Density · TYPICALUnit: g/cm³ | 7.9 g/cm³ | — g/cm³ |
| Density · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: g/cm³ | — g/cm³ | 8.941 g/cm³ |
| Elastic Modulus · TYPICALUnit: GPa | 193 GPa | 117.2 GPa |
4. Contextual Mechanical PropertiesUnit: SI
| Mechanical Parameter | 321 Stainless SteelAnnealed | C14500 Tellurium Copper1/2 Hard (H02) |
|---|---|---|
| Ultimate Tensile Strength · Plate, Sheet and Strip · Annealed · MINIMUMUnit: MPa | ≥ 515 MPa | — MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Rod · 0.25 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 262 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Rod · .0625 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 262 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Rod · 1 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 289.6 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Rod · 1 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 289.6 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Rod · .25 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 262 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Rod · 2 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 289.6 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Rod · 2 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 289.6 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Rod · 0.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 296.5 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Rod · 0.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 296.5 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Rod · 0.24 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 296.5 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Wire · 0.08 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 351.6 MPa |
| Yield Strength · Plate, Sheet and Strip · Annealed · MINIMUMUnit: MPa | ≥ 205 MPa | — MPa |
| Yield Strength (0.5% Ext) · Rod · 1 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 275.8 MPa |
| Yield Strength (0.5% Ext) · Rod · 1 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 275.8 MPa |
| Yield Strength (0.5% Ext) · Rod · 2 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 268.9 MPa |
| Yield Strength (0.5% Ext) · Rod · 2 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 268.9 MPa |
| Yield Strength (0.5% Ext) · Rod · 0.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 275.8 MPa |
| Yield Strength (0.5% Ext) · Rod · 0.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 275.8 MPa |
| Yield Strength (0.5% Ext) · Rod · 0.24 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 275.8 MPa |
| Yield Strength (0.5% Ext) · Wire · 0.08 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 282.7 MPa |
| Elongation at Break · Plate, Sheet and Strip · in 50 mm (2 in) · Annealed · MINIMUMUnit: % | ≥ 40 % | — % |
| Elongation · Rod · 0.25 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 18 % |
| Elongation · Rod · .0625 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 8 % |
| Elongation · Rod · 1 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 25 % |
| Elongation · Rod · 1 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 25 % |
| Elongation · Rod · .25 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 12 % |
| Elongation · Rod · 2 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 35 % |
| Elongation · Rod · 2 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 35 % |
| Elongation · Rod · 0.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 20 % |
| Elongation · Rod · 0.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 20 % |
| Elongation · Rod · 0.24 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 18 % |
| Elongation · Wire · 0.08 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 6 % |
| Modulus of Rigidity · TYPICALUnit: MPa | — MPa | 44126.4 MPa |
| Machinability Rating · TYPICALUnit: % | — % | 85 % |
| Forgeability Rating · TYPICALUnit: — | — — | 65 — |
| Shear Strength · Rod · 0.25 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICALUnit: MPa | — MPa | 179.3 MPa |
| Shear Strength · Rod · 1 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICALUnit: MPa | — MPa | 172.4 MPa |
| Shear Strength · Rod · 2 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICALUnit: MPa | — MPa | 172.4 MPa |
| Shear Strength · Rod · 0.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICALUnit: MPa | — MPa | 179.3 MPa |
| Shear Strength · Wire · 0.08 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICALUnit: MPa | — MPa | 186.2 MPa |
5. Electrical & Thermal Conductive Properties
| Property | 321 Stainless Steel | C14500 Tellurium Copper |
|---|---|---|
| Electrical Resistivity · TYPICALCategory: ELECTRICAL • Unit: nΩ·m | 720 nΩ·m | — nΩ·m |
| Electrical Conductivity · TYPICAL · 20 °CCategory: ELECTRICAL • Unit: % IACS | — % IACS | 93 % IACS |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion · TYPICAL · 100 °CCategory: THERMAL • Unit: µm/(m·K) | 16.6 µm/(m·K) | — µm/(m·K) |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) · TYPICALCategory: THERMAL • Unit: µm/(m·K) | — µm/(m·K) | 17.1 µm/(m·K) |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) · TYPICALCategory: THERMAL • Unit: µm/(m·K) | — µm/(m·K) | 17.46 µm/(m·K) |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) · TYPICALCategory: THERMAL • Unit: µm/(m·K) | — µm/(m·K) | 17.82 µm/(m·K) |
| Thermal Conductivity · TYPICAL · 100 °CCategory: THERMAL • Unit: W/(m·K) | 16.1 W/(m·K) | — W/(m·K) |
| Thermal Conductivity · TYPICAL · 20 °CCategory: THERMAL • Unit: W/(m·K) | — W/(m·K) | 354.8 W/(m·K) |
| Liquidus Temperature · TYPICALCategory: THERMAL • Unit: °C | — °C | 1080 °C |
| Solidus Temperature · TYPICALCategory: THERMAL • Unit: °C | — °C | 1051.1 °C |
| Specific Heat Capacity · TYPICAL · 20 °CCategory: THERMAL • Unit: J/(kg·K) | — J/(kg·K) | 385.2 J/(kg·K) |
| Annealing Temperature Range · RANGECategory: THERMAL • Unit: °C | — °C | 426.7–648.9 °C |
| Hot Working Temperature Range · RANGECategory: THERMAL • Unit: °C | — °C | 760–871.1 °C |
6. Hardness Evaluation (Discrete Scales Preserved)No cross-scale mathematical conversion
| Hardness Scale | 321 Stainless Steel | C14500 Tellurium Copper |
|---|---|---|
| HRB Hardness · Plate, Sheet and Strip · Annealed · MAXIMUM | ≤ 95 HRB | — |
| Rockwell B Hardness · Rod · 0.25 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL | — | 43 HRB |
| Rockwell B Hardness · Rod · 1 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL | — | 42 HRB |
| Rockwell B Hardness · Rod · 0.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL | — | 43 HRB |
| Rockwell 30T Hardness · Rod · 0.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL | — | 50 HR30T |
7. Fabrication & Processing Comparison
321 Stainless Steel Characteristics:
C14500 Tellurium Copper Characteristics:
Machinability: Machinability rating: 85% relative to free-cutting brass (C36000 = 100%). Forgeability rating: 65.
Weldability: Soldering: Excellent; Brazing: Good; Oxyacetylene Welding: Fair; Gas Shielded Arc Welding: Fair; Coated Metal Arc Welding: Not Recommended; Spot Weld: Not Recommended; Seam Weld: Not Recommended; Butt Weld: Fair
Formability / Cold Working: Capacity for Being Cold Worked: Good. Capacity for Being Hot Formed: Good.
Heat Treatment & Annealing: Annealing temperature range: 426.7°C to 648.9°C (800°F - 1200°F). Hot working temperature range: 760.0°C to 871.1°C (1400°F - 1600°F).